Example: Standards on power plants

Example on standard setting for metadata: power plant information

Sources to characterize a power plant

List of ontologies used to reference power plant types:

* Wikidata
* DBpedia
* Open Energy Ontology
* EuroVoc
* GEMET
* [FAO] 

This example compares resources for onshore wind farm definition:

* wikidata:Q50687555 
  literal name: onshore wind farm
  definition: group of wind turbines on land

* dbr:Onshore_wind_farm
  literal name: actual redirects to dbr:Wind_farm 
  definition: A wind farm or wind park, also called a wind power station or wind power plant, is a group of wind turbines in the same location used to produce electricity. ...

* oeo:OEO_00000311 
  literal name: onshore wind farm
  definition: An onshore wind farm is a wind farm that is build on land, ( where a windfarm (OEO_00000447) is a power plant that has wind energy converting units as parts.

• gemet:9336

 literal name: wind power station
 definition: Power station which uses wind to drive a turbine which creates electricity.

The problems we encounter here are: GEMET does not offer a resource to directly describe an onshore wind farm. Rather, what is available is a resource related to a wind farm in general. DBpedia offers a resource link for an onshore wind farm, but does not provide a separate definition. On the other hand, wikidata and the open energy ontology offer specific definition, which seem to be very similar, if one identifies wind turbines with wind energy converting units.

This example compares different definitions of hydropower plants provided by various ontologies/controlled vocabularies:

* wikidata:Q1591738: 
  literal name: hydroelectric power station
  definition: facility generating electric power using hydroelectricity

* oeo:OEO_00010086:
  literal name: hydro power plant
  definition: A hydro power plant is a power plant having an aggregate of hydro power generating units as its power generating unit parts.

* gemet:4098:
  literal name: hydroelectric power plant
  definition: Power station which operates with the free renewable source of energy provided by falling water.
  

Note, that dbpedia and EuroVoc do not provide a resource specifically describing a hydropower plant. They rather offer definitions on the general concept of hydropower technology.

References

Booshehri, M. et al. Introducing the Open Energy Ontology: Enhancing data interpretation and interfacing in energy systems analysis. Energy and AI 5, 100074 (2021).